Primary and Net Ecosystem Production in a Large Lake Diagnosed From High‐Resolution Oxygen Measurements

The rates of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R), and net (NEP) provide quantitative information about the cycling carbon energy in aquatic ecosystems. In lakes, metabolic are often diagnosed from diel oxygen fluctuations recorded with high-resolution sondes. This requires that imprint metabolism can be separated physical processes. Here, we quantified vertical temporal variability a deep, large, mesotrophic lake (Lake Geneva, Switzerland–France) by using 6-month record (April–October 2019) high-frequency, depth-resolved (0–30 m) dissolved measurements. Two new alternative methods (in time frequency domain) were used to filter low-frequency basin-scale internal motions signal. Both proved successful yielded consistent estimates showing autotrophy (NEP = GPP − R 55 mmol m−2 day−1) over sampling period depth interval, (235 exceeding (180 day−1). They also revealed significant variability, at least two short-lived blooms occurring during calm periods, partitioning metabolism, stronger cycles positive NEP upper ∼10 m negative below, where signal was dominated motions. proposed expand range applicability technique large lakes hosting energetic, motions, offering possibilities for unveiling rich spatiotemporal dynamics these systems.